Two kinds of English non-manner 'how'-complements
Kristina Liefke
August 2020 

I show that English has two kinds of non-interrogative, non-manner embedded 'how'-clauses: clauses that are licensed by perception, memory, and fiction verbs and allow paraphrase by a DP of the form 'the event in which [tp ]' (cf. Umbach et al., submitted), and clauses that are licensed by presuppositional and 'say'-verbs and allow paraphrase by a DP of the form 'the fact that [tp ]' (see Legate, 2010; Nye, 2013a). I provide a compositional semantics for reports with these two kinds of 'how'-clauses. This semantics captures the intuitive entailment behavior of these reports. In doing so, it provides an answer to the question of how the different non-manner readings of 'how' come about and why natural languages use the manner word 'how' for this purpose.

Format:	[ pdf ]
Reference:	lingbuzz/005455 (please use that when you cite this article)
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keywords:	non-manner 'how'-clauses, free relative clauses, factivity, presuppositionality, entailment patterns, experiential attitudes, event semantics, semantics, syntax
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