On the Underlying Long Vowels in Contemporary Standard European Portuguese
Shinya Makino
June 2025
 

Traditionally, Portuguese linguistics has acknowledged phonetic differences in vowel length conditioned by stress in Contemporary Standard European Portuguese (EP), yet has rarely addressed the possibility that underlying vowel length oppositions — not directly inherited from but analogous to those attested in Classical Latin and established through phonological developments in the 14th–15th centuries — may persist in the Contemporary language. In contrast, Makino (2006¹, 2006², 2007²) argued for the persistence of an underlying opposition in vowel length even in Contemporary EP, seeking to account for a range of phonological phenomena: the characteristic vowel alternations in open syllables preceding prepalatal and palatal consonants [ʃ ʒ ʎ ɲ]; the phonetic outcomes of vowel coalescence at the level of phrasal phonology; non-reduction in unstressed syllable of radical vowels of derived nouns and adjectives formed by suffixation to verbal radicals without intervening thematic vowels; and the absence of vowel reduction in unstressed syllables of derived words with negative implicatures. This theoretical study revisits this issue and offers a novel account of two phenomena: the absence of vowel quality reduction in nasal vowels in unstressed syllables, and the opposition [ɐ́ː] ≈ [áː] in the verb endings -amos and -ámos in the first-person plural of the present and preterite indicatives. The analysis is developed within the framework of Stratal Optimality Theory (Stratal OT), and employs a revised view of vowel feature geometry in which the traditional [±ATR] feature is reinterpreted as the terminal direction of a multistage tongue-height vector. Without introducing new phonetic data — except for a key pair of instrumental measurements that provide acoustic evidence for the underlying length distinction — this study offers a principled reinterpretation of phonological patterns that have previously been considered beyond the scope of systematic analysis.― ― ― The numbering of examples and figures is currently being revised to match that of the main text. We would be grateful if you could wait a little before downloading the file.
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Reference: lingbuzz/009070
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keywords: european portuguese, mora theory, stratal ot, underlying long vowel, opacity, quantity, quality, phonology
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